Visualizing the Blowfish encryption

Blowfish is a keyed, symetric block cypher with a 64-bit block size and variable key length (32 to 448 bits). It is a 16-round Feistel cipher with large key-dependent S-boxes. In trying to wrap my head around how the Blowfish cipher works, I found it easiest to implement it myself from the ground up, and see how it works. The result of my work is below; a visual path through the Blowfish encryption method.

To illustrate this process, let's imaging an average guy named Joe. He's none too bright, so usually picks a password of "password" to secure anything. Now, Joe has a crush on Sue, so writes a text files with the text "I love Sue." in it. But he's not ready to tell Sue, so he's going to encode that text with the blowfish cypher to keep it safe.

Blowfish works by creating an 'engine' based on a secret key. Then any data can be passed through this engine to encode it, or backwards to decode it. This has several benefits including:

• If you have the 'engine' in memory (i.e. the data tables for the cypher), you don't need to know the key to encode/decode data
• Setting up the 'engine' is rather processor-intensive, while the encode/decode process is fairly easy. So anyone attempting to do a brute-force key attack would have to devote much more processing power to it than for other cyphers

Default structure

The blowfish algorithm needs to seed the values of the P array and the S-blocks, and does so from the fractional values of pi. So first we need the value of pi in hexadecimal. Expressing fractions in hexadecimal is not something usually done, but here's how. Given a decimal fraction, like: 3.1415926535, first convert the integer-portion to hexadecimal (0x3). Then take the fractional portion and multiply by 16: 2.265482456. Take the integral portion and convert it to hexidecimal, adding it to the existing string (0x3.2). Take the fractional portion of the previous result and multiply it by 16 again: 4.247719296 (0x3.24). Repeat the process until you run out of numbers. Note, however that even though we started with only ten digits to the right of the decimal point in decimal, we can continue indefinitely in hex.

So, we need 8×18 = 144 digits for the P array, and 256×8 = 2048 values for each of 4 S-boxes, for a total of 8336 hex digits of pi. In order to accurately calculate that from the decimal version of pi, we need 10,040 digits. Here's 10,040 characters after the decimal point of pi, in decimal (100 characters per line):

00000: 1415926535 8979323846 2643383279 5028841971 6939937510 5820974944 5923078164 0628620899 8628034825 3421170679  00100: 8214808651 3282306647 0938446095 5058223172 5359408128 4811174502 8410270193 8521105559 6446229489 5493038196  00200: 4428810975 6659334461 2847564823 3786783165 2712019091 4564856692 3460348610 4543266482 1339360726 0249141273  00300: 7245870066 0631558817 4881520920 9628292540 9171536436 7892590360 0113305305 4882046652 1384146951 9415116094  00400: 3305727036 5759591953 0921861173 8193261179 3105118548 0744623799 6274956735 1885752724 8912279381 8301194912  00500: 9833673362 4406566430 8602139494 6395224737 1907021798 6094370277 0539217176 2931767523 8467481846 7669405132  00600: 0005681271 4526356082 7785771342 7577896091 7363717872 1468440901 2249534301 4654958537 1050792279 6892589235  00700: 4201995611 2129021960 8640344181 5981362977 4771309960 5187072113 4999999837 2978049951 0597317328 1609631859  00800: 5024459455 3469083026 4252230825 3344685035 2619311881 7101000313 7838752886 5875332083 8142061717 7669147303  00900: 5982534904 2875546873 1159562863 8823537875 9375195778 1857780532 1712268066 1300192787 6611195909 2164201989  01000: 3809525720 1065485863 2788659361 5338182796 8230301952 0353018529 6899577362 2599413891 2497217752 8347913151  01100: 5574857242 4541506959 5082953311 6861727855 8890750983 8175463746 4939319255 0604009277 0167113900 9848824012  01200: 8583616035 6370766010 4710181942 9555961989 4676783744 9448255379 7747268471 0404753464 6208046684 2590694912  01300: 9331367702 8989152104 7521620569 6602405803 8150193511 2533824300 3558764024 7496473263 9141992726 0426992279  01400: 6782354781 6360093417 2164121992 4586315030 2861829745 5570674983 8505494588 5869269956 9092721079 7509302955  01500: 3211653449 8720275596 0236480665 4991198818 3479775356 6369807426 5425278625 5181841757 4672890977 7727938000  01600: 8164706001 6145249192 1732172147 7235014144 1973568548 1613611573 5255213347 5741849468 4385233239 0739414333  01700: 4547762416 8625189835 6948556209 9219222184 2725502542 5688767179 0494601653 4668049886 2723279178 6085784383  01800: 8279679766 8145410095 3883786360 9506800642 2512520511 7392984896 0841284886 2694560424 1965285022 2106611863  01900: 0674427862 2039194945 0471237137 8696095636 4371917287 4677646575 7396241389 0865832645 9958133904 7802759009  02000: 9465764078 9512694683 9835259570 9825822620 5224894077 2671947826 8482601476 9909026401 3639443745 5305068203  02100: 4962524517 4939965143 1429809190 6592509372 2169646151 5709858387 4105978859 5977297549 8930161753 9284681382  02200: 6868386894 2774155991 8559252459 5395943104 9972524680 8459872736 4469584865 3836736222 6260991246 0805124388  02300: 4390451244 1365497627 8079771569 1435997700 1296160894 4169486855 5848406353 4220722258 2848864815 8456028506  02400: 0168427394 5226746767 8895252138 5225499546 6672782398 6456596116 3548862305 7745649803 5593634568 1743241125  02500: 1507606947 9451096596 0940252288 7971089314 5669136867 2287489405 6010150330 8617928680 9208747609 1782493858  02600: 9009714909 6759852613 6554978189 3129784821 6829989487 2265880485 7564014270 4775551323 7964145152 3746234364  02700: 5428584447 9526586782 1051141354 7357395231 1342716610 2135969536 2314429524 8493718711 0145765403 5902799344  02800: 0374200731 0578539062 1983874478 0847848968 3321445713 8687519435 0643021845 3191048481 0053706146 8067491927  02900: 8191197939 9520614196 6342875444 0643745123 7181921799 9839101591 9561814675 1426912397 4894090718 6494231961  03000: 5679452080 9514655022 5231603881 9301420937 6213785595 6638937787 0830390697 9207734672 2182562599 6615014215  03100: 0306803844 7734549202 6054146659 2520149744 2850732518 6660021324 3408819071 0486331734 6496514539 0579626856  03200: 1005508106 6587969981 6357473638 4052571459 1028970641 4011097120 6280439039 7595156771 5770042033 7869936007  03300: 2305587631 7635942187 3125147120 5329281918 2618612586 7321579198 4148488291 6447060957 5270695722 0917567116  03400: 7229109816 9091528017 3506712748 5832228718 3520935396 5725121083 5791513698 8209144421 0067510334 6711031412  03500: 6711136990 8658516398 3150197016 5151168517 1437657618 3515565088 4909989859 9823873455 2833163550 7647918535  03600: 8932261854 8963213293 3089857064 2046752590 7091548141 6549859461 6371802709 8199430992 4488957571 2828905923  03700: 2332609729 9712084433 5732654893 8239119325 9746366730 5836041428 1388303203 8249037589 8524374417 0291327656  03800: 1809377344 4030707469 2112019130 2033038019 7621101100 4492932151 6084244485 9637669838 9522868478 3123552658  03900: 2131449576 8572624334 4189303968 6426243410 7732269780 2807318915 4411010446 8232527162 0105265227 2111660396  04000: 6655730925 4711055785 3763466820 6531098965 2691862056 4769312570 5863566201 8558100729 3606598764 8611791045  04100: 3348850346 1136576867 5324944166 8039626579 7877185560 8455296541 2665408530 6143444318 5867697514 5661406800  04200: 7002378776 5913440171 2749470420 5622305389 9456131407 1127000407 8547332699 3908145466 4645880797 2708266830  04300: 6343285878 5698305235 8089330657 5740679545 7163775254 2021149557 6158140025 0126228594 1302164715 5097925923  04400: 0990796547 3761255176 5675135751 7829666454 7791745011 2996148903 0463994713 2962107340 4375189573 5961458901  04500: 9389713111 7904297828 5647503203 1986915140 2870808599 0480109412 1472213179 4764777262 2414254854 5403321571  04600: 8530614228 8137585043 0633217518 2979866223 7172159160 7716692547 4873898665 4949450114 6540628433 6639379003  04700: 9769265672 1463853067 3609657120 9180763832 7166416274 8888007869 2560290228 4721040317 2118608204 1900042296  04800: 6171196377 9213375751 1495950156 6049631862 9472654736 4252308177 0367515906 7350235072 8354056704 0386743513  04900: 6222247715 8915049530 9844489333 0963408780 7693259939 7805419341 4473774418 4263129860 8099888687 4132604721  05000: 5695162396 5864573021 6315981931 9516735381 2974167729 4786724229 2465436680 0980676928 2382806899 6400482435  05100: 4037014163 1496589794 0924323789 6907069779 4223625082 2168895738 3798623001 5937764716 5122893578 6015881617  05200: 5578297352 3344604281 5126272037 3431465319 7777416031 9906655418 7639792933 4419521541 3418994854 4473456738  05300: 3162499341 9131814809 2777710386 3877343177 2075456545 3220777092 1201905166 0962804909 2636019759 8828161332  05400: 3166636528 6193266863 3606273567 6303544776 2803504507 7723554710 5859548702 7908143562 4014517180 6246436267  05500: 9456127531 8134078330 3362542327 8394497538 2437205835 3114771199 2606381334 6776879695 9703098339 1307710987  05600: 0408591337 4641442822 7726346594 7047458784 7787201927 7152807317 6790770715 7213444730 6057007334 9243693113  05700: 8350493163 1284042512 1925651798 0694113528 0131470130 4781643788 5185290928 5452011658 3934196562 1349143415  05800: 9562586586 5570552690 4965209858 0338507224 2648293972 8584783163 0577775606 8887644624 8246857926 0395352773  05900: 4803048029 0058760758 2510474709 1643961362 6760449256 2742042083 2085661190 6254543372 1315359584 5068772460  06000: 2901618766 7952406163 4252257719 5429162991 9306455377 9914037340 4328752628 8896399587 9475729174 6426357455  06100: 2540790914 5135711136 9410911939 3251910760 2082520261 8798531887 7058429725 9167781314 9699009019 2116971737  06200: 2784768472 6860849003 3770242429 1651300500 5168323364 3503895170 2989392233 4517220138 1280696501 1784408745  06300: 1960121228 5993716231 3017114448 4640903890 6449544400 6198690754 8516026327 5052983491 8740786680 8818338510  06400: 2283345085 0486082503 9302133219 7155184306 3545500766 8282949304 1377655279 3975175461 3953984683 3936383047  06500: 4611996653 8581538420 5685338621 8672523340 2830871123 2827892125 0771262946 3229563989 8989358211 6745627010  06600: 2183564622 0134967151 8819097303 8119800497 3407239610 3685406643 1939509790 1906996395 5245300545 0580685501  06700: 9567302292 1913933918 5680344903 9820595510 0226353536 1920419947 4553859381 0234395544 9597783779 0237421617  06800: 2711172364 3435439478 2218185286 2408514006 6604433258 8856986705 4315470696 5747458550 3323233421 0730154594  06900: 0516553790 6866273337 9958511562 5784322988 2737231989 8757141595 7811196358 3300594087 3068121602 8764962867  07000: 4460477464 9159950549 7374256269 0104903778 1986835938 1465741268 0492564879 8556145372 3478673303 9046883834  07100: 3634655379 4986419270 5638729317 4872332083 7601123029 9113679386 2708943879 9362016295 1541337142 4892830722  07200: 0126901475 4668476535 7616477379 4675200490 7571555278 1965362132 3926406160 1363581559 0742202020 3187277605  07300: 2772190055 6148425551 8792530343 5139844253 2234157623 3610642506 3904975008 6562710953 5919465897 5141310348  07400: 2276930624 7435363256 9160781547 8181152843 6679570611 0861533150 4452127473 9245449454 2368288606 1340841486  07500: 3776700961 2071512491 4043027253 8607648236 3414334623 5189757664 5216413767 9690314950 1910857598 4423919862  07600: 9164219399 4907236234 6468441173 9403265918 4044378051 3338945257 4239950829 6591228508 5558215725 0310712570  07700: 1266830240 2929525220 1187267675 6220415420 5161841634 8475651699 9811614101 0029960783 8690929160 3028840026  07800: 9104140792 8862150784 2451670908 7000699282 1206604183 7180653556 7252532567 5328612910 4248776182 5829765157  07900: 9598470356 2226293486 0034158722 9805349896 5022629174 8788202734 2092222453 3985626476 6914905562 8425039127  08000: 5771028402 7998066365 8254889264 8802545661 0172967026 6407655904 2909945681 5065265305 3718294127 0336931378  08100: 5178609040 7086671149 6558343434 7693385781 7113864558 7367812301 4587687126 6034891390 9562009939 3610310291  08200: 6161528813 8437909904 2317473363 9480457593 1493140529 7634757481 1935670911 0137751721 0080315590 2485309066  08300: 9203767192 2033229094 3346768514 2214477379 3937517034 4366199104 0337511173 5471918550 4644902636 5512816228  08400: 8244625759 1633303910 7225383742 1821408835 0865739177 1509682887 4782656995 9957449066 1758344137 5223970968  08500: 3408005355 9849175417 3818839994 4697486762 6551658276 5848358845 3142775687 9002909517 0283529716 3445621296  08600: 4043523117 6006651012 4120065975 5851276178 5838292041 9748442360 8007193045 7618932349 2292796501 9875187212  08700: 7267507981 2554709589 0455635792 1221033346 6974992356 3025494780 2490114195 2123828153 0911407907 3860251522  08800: 7429958180 7247162591 6685451333 1239480494 7079119153 2673430282 4418604142 6363954800 0448002670 4962482017  08900: 9289647669 7583183271 3142517029 6923488962 7668440323 2609275249 6035799646 9256504936 8183609003 2380929345  09000: 9588970695 3653494060 3402166544 3755890045 6328822505 4525564056 4482465151 8754711962 1844396582 5337543885  09100: 6909411303 1509526179 3780029741 2076651479 3942590298 9695946995 5657612186 5619673378 6236256125 2163208628  09200: 6922210327 4889218654 3648022967 8070576561 5144632046 9279068212 0738837781 4233562823 6089632080 6822246801  09300: 2248261177 1858963814 0918390367 3672220888 3215137556 0037279839 4004152970 0287830766 7094447456 0134556417  09400: 2543709069 7939612257 1429894671 5435784687 8861444581 2314593571 9849225284 7160504922 1242470141 2147805734  09500: 5510500801 9086996033 0276347870 8108175450 1193071412 2339086639 3833952942 5786905076 4310063835 1983438934  09600: 1596131854 3475464955 6978103829 3097164651 4384070070 7360411237 3599843452 2516105070 2705623526 6012764848  09700: 3084076118 3013052793 2054274628 6540360367 4532865105 7065874882 2569815793 6789766974 2205750596 8344086973  09800: 5020141020 6723585020 0724522563 2651341055 9240190274 2162484391 4035998953 5394590944 0704691209 1409387001  09900: 2645600162 3742880210 9276457931 0657922955 2498872758 4610126483 6999892256 9596881592 0560010165 5256375678  10000: 5667227966 1988578279 4848855834 3975187445 

Convert that to hex (using a precision of 10,040 digits, when multiplying by 16), and here's the first 8336 characters of the result (in 8-digit chunks, 16 chunks (128 digits) per row):

0x0000: 243f6a88 85a308d3 13198a2e 03707344 a4093822 299f31d0 082efa98 ec4e6c89 452821e6 38d01377 be5466cf 34e90c6c c0ac29b7 c97c50dd 3f84d5b5 b5470917  0x0080: 9216d5d9 8979fb1b d1310ba6 98dfb5ac 2ffd72db d01adfb7 b8e1afed 6a267e96 ba7c9045 f12c7f99 24a19947 b3916cf7 0801f2e2 858efc16 636920d8 71574e69  0x0100: a458fea3 f4933d7e 0d95748f 728eb658 718bcd58 82154aee 7b54a41d c25a59b5 9c30d539 2af26013 c5d1b023 286085f0 ca417918 b8db38ef 8e79dcb0 603a180e  0x0180: 6c9e0e8b b01e8a3e d71577c1 bd314b27 78af2fda 55605c60 e65525f3 aa55ab94 57489862 63e81440 55ca396a 2aab10b6 b4cc5c34 1141e8ce a15486af 7c72e993  0x0200: b3ee1411 636fbc2a 2ba9c55d 741831f6 ce5c3e16 9b87931e afd6ba33 6c24cf5c 7a325381 28958677 3b8f4898 6b4bb9af c4bfe81b 66282193 61d809cc fb21a991  0x0280: 487cac60 5dec8032 ef845d5d e98575b1 dc262302 eb651b88 23893e81 d396acc5 0f6d6ff3 83f44239 2e0b4482 a4842004 69c8f04a 9e1f9b5e 21c66842 f6e96c9a  0x0300: 670c9c61 abd388f0 6a51a0d2 d8542f68 960fa728 ab5133a3 6eef0b6c 137a3be4 ba3bf050 7efb2a98 a1f1651d 39af0176 66ca593e 82430e88 8cee8619 456f9fb4  0x0380: 7d84a5c3 3b8b5ebe e06f75d8 85c12073 401a449f 56c16aa6 4ed3aa62 363f7706 1bfedf72 429b023d 37d0d724 d00a1248 db0fead3 49f1c09b 075372c9 80991b7b  0x0400: 25d479d8 f6e8def7 e3fe501a b6794c3b 976ce0bd 04c006ba c1a94fb6 409f60c4 5e5c9ec2 196a2463 68fb6faf 3e6c53b5 1339b2eb 3b52ec6f 6dfc511f 9b30952c  0x0480: cc814544 af5ebd09 bee3d004 de334afd 660f2807 192e4bb3 c0cba857 45c8740f d20b5f39 b9d3fbdb 5579c0bd 1a60320a d6a100c6 402c7279 679f25fe fb1fa3cc  0x0500: 8ea5e9f8 db3222f8 3c7516df fd616b15 2f501ec8 ad0552ab 323db5fa fd238760 53317b48 3e00df82 9e5c57bb ca6f8ca0 1a87562e df1769db d542a8f6 287effc3  0x0580: ac6732c6 8c4f5573 695b27b0 bbca58c8 e1ffa35d b8f011a0 10fa3d98 fd2183b8 4afcb56c 2dd1d35b 9a53e479 b6f84565 d28e49bc 4bfb9790 e1ddf2da a4cb7e33  0x0600: 62fb1341 cee4c6e8 ef20cada 36774c01 d07e9efe 2bf11fb4 95dbda4d ae909198 eaad8e71 6b93d5a0 d08ed1d0 afc725e0 8e3c5b2f 8e7594b7 8ff6e2fb f2122b64  0x0680: 8888b812 900df01c 4fad5ea0 688fc31c d1cff191 b3a8c1ad 2f2f2218 be0e1777 ea752dfe 8b021fa1 e5a0cc0f b56f74e8 18acf3d6 ce89e299 b4a84fe0 fd13e0b7  0x0700: 7cc43b81 d2ada8d9 165fa266 80957705 93cc7314 211a1477 e6ad2065 77b5fa86 c75442f5 fb9d35cf ebcdaf0c 7b3e89a0 d6411bd3 ae1e7e49 00250e2d 2071b35e  0x0780: 226800bb 57b8e0af 2464369b f009b91e 5563911d 59dfa6aa 78c14389 d95a537f 207d5ba2 02e5b9c5 83260376 6295cfa9 11c81968 4e734a41 b3472dca 7b14a94a  0x0800: 1b510052 9a532915 d60f573f bc9bc6e4 2b60a476 81e67400 08ba6fb5 571be91f f296ec6b 2a0dd915 b6636521 e7b9f9b6 ff34052e c5855664 53b02d5d a99f8fa1  0x0880: 08ba4799 6e85076a 4b7a70e9 b5b32944 db75092e c4192623 ad6ea6b0 49a7df7d 9cee60b8 8fedb266 ecaa8c71 699a17ff 5664526c c2b19ee1 193602a5 75094c29  0x0900: a0591340 e4183a3e 3f54989a 5b429d65 6b8fe4d6 99f73fd6 a1d29c07 efe830f5 4d2d38e6 f0255dc1 4cdd2086 8470eb26 6382e9c6 021ecc5e 09686b3f 3ebaefc9  0x0980: 3c971814 6b6a70a1 687f3584 52a0e286 b79c5305 aa500737 3e07841c 7fdeae5c 8e7d44ec 5716f2b8 b03ada37 f0500c0d f01c1f04 0200b3ff ae0cf51a 3cb574b2  0x0a00: 25837a58 dc0921bd d19113f9 7ca92ff6 94324773 22f54701 3ae5e581 37c2dadc c8b57634 9af3dda7 a9446146 0fd0030e ecc8c73e a4751e41 e238cd99 3bea0e2f  0x0a80: 3280bba1 183eb331 4e548b38 4f6db908 6f420d03 f60a04bf 2cb81290 24977c79 5679b072 bcaf89af de9a771f d9930810 b38bae12 dccf3f2e 5512721f 2e6b7124  0x0b00: 501adde6 9f84cd87 7a584718 7408da17 bc9f9abc e94b7d8c ec7aec3a db851dfa 63094366 c464c3d2 ef1c1847 3215d908 dd433b37 24c2ba16 12a14d43 2a65c451  0x0b80: 50940002 133ae4dd 71dff89e 10314e55 81ac77d6 5f11199b 043556f1 d7a3c76b 3c11183b 5924a509 f28fe6ed 97f1fbfa 9ebabf2c 1e153c6e 86e34570 eae96fb1  0x0c00: 860e5e0a 5a3e2ab3 771fe71c 4e3d06fa 2965dcb9 99e71d0f 803e89d6 5266c825 2e4cc978 9c10b36a c6150eba 94e2ea78 a5fc3c53 1e0a2df4 f2f74ea7 361d2b3d  0x0c80: 1939260f 19c27960 5223a708 f71312b6 ebadfe6e eac31f66 e3bc4595 a67bc883 b17f37d1 018cff28 c332ddef be6c5aa5 65582185 68ab9802 eecea50f db2f953b  0x0d00: 2aef7dad 5b6e2f84 1521b628 29076170 ecdd4775 619f1510 13cca830 eb61bd96 0334fe1e aa0363cf b5735c90 4c70a239 d59e9e0b cbaade14 eecc86bc 60622ca7  0x0d80: 9cab5cab b2f3846e 648b1eaf 19bdf0ca a02369b9 655abb50 40685a32 3c2ab4b3 319ee9d5 c021b8f7 9b540b19 875fa099 95f7997e 623d7da8 f837889a 97e32d77  0x0e00: 11ed935f 16681281 0e358829 c7e61fd6 96dedfa1 7858ba99 57f584a5 1b227263 9b83c3ff 1ac24696 cdb30aeb 532e3054 8fd948e4 6dbc3128 58ebf2ef 34c6ffea  0x0e80: fe28ed61 ee7c3c73 5d4a14d9 e864b7e3 42105d14 203e13e0 45eee2b6 a3aaabea db6c4f15 facb4fd0 c742f442 ef6abbb5 654f3b1d 41cd2105 d81e799e 86854dc7  0x0f00: e44b476a 3d816250 cf62a1f2 5b8d2646 fc8883a0 c1c7b6a3 7f1524c3 69cb7492 47848a0b 5692b285 095bbf00 ad19489d 1462b174 23820e00 58428d2a 0c55f5ea  0x0f80: 1dadf43e 233f7061 3372f092 8d937e41 d65fecf1 6c223bdb 7cde3759 cbee7460 4085f2a7 ce77326e a6078084 19f8509e e8efd855 61d99735 a969a7aa c50c06c2  0x1000: 5a04abfc 800bcadc 9e447a2e c3453484 fdd56705 0e1e9ec9 db73dbd3 105588cd 675fda79 e3674340 c5c43465 713e38d8 3d28f89e f16dff20 153e21e7 8fb03d4a  0x1080: e6e39f2b db83adf7 e93d5a68 948140f7 f64c261c 94692934 411520f7 7602d4f7 bcf46b2e d4a20068 d4082471 3320f46a 43b7d4b7 500061af 1e39f62e 97244546  0x1100: 14214f74 bf8b8840 4d95fc1d 96b591af 70f4ddd3 66a02f45 bfbc09ec 03bd9785 7fac6dd0 31cb8504 96eb27b3 55fd3941 da2547e6 abca0a9a 28507825 530429f4  0x1180: 0a2c86da e9b66dfb 68dc1462 d7486900 680ec0a4 27a18dee 4f3ffea2 e887ad8c b58ce006 7af4d6b6 aace1e7c d3375fec ce78a399 406b2a42 20fe9e35 d9f385b9  0x1200: ee39d7ab 3b124e8b 1dc9faf7 4b6d1856 26a36631 eae397b2 3a6efa74 dd5b4332 6841e7f7 ca7820fb fb0af54e d8feb397 454056ac ba489527 55533a3a 20838d87  0x1280: fe6ba9b7 d096954b 55a867bc a1159a58 cca92963 99e1db33 a62a4a56 3f3125f9 5ef47e1c 9029317c fdf8e802 04272f70 80bb155c 05282ce3 95c11548 e4c66d22  0x1300: 48c1133f c70f86dc 07f9c9ee 41041f0f 404779a4 5d886e17 325f51eb d59bc0d1 f2bcc18f 41113564 257b7834 602a9c60 dff8e8a3 1f636c1b 0e12b4c2 02e1329e  0x1380: af664fd1 cad18115 6b2395e0 333e92e1 3b240b62 eebeb922 85b2a20e e6ba0d99 de720c8c 2da2f728 d0127845 95b794fd 647d0862 e7ccf5f0 5449a36f 877d48fa  0x1400: c39dfd27 f33e8d1e 0a476341 992eff74 3a6f6eab f4f8fd37 a812dc60 a1ebddf8 991be14c db6e6b0d c67b5510 6d672c37 2765d43b dcd0e804 f1290dc7 cc00ffa3  0x1480: b5390f92 690fed0b 667b9ffb cedb7d9c a091cf0b d9155ea3 bb132f88 515bad24 7b9479bf 763bd6eb 37392eb3 cc115979 8026e297 f42e312d 6842ada7 c66a2b3b  0x1500: 12754ccc 782ef11c 6a124237 b79251e7 06a1bbe6 4bfb6350 1a6b1018 11caedfa 3d25bdd8 e2e1c3c9 44421659 0a121386 d90cec6e d5abea2a 64af674e da86a85f  0x1580: bebfe988 64e4c3fe 9dbc8057 f0f7c086 60787bf8 6003604d d1fd8346 f6381fb0 7745ae04 d736fccc 83426b33 f01eab71 b0804187 3c005e5f 77a057be bde8ae24  0x1600: 55464299 bf582e61 4e58f48f f2ddfda2 f474ef38 8789bdc2 5366f9c3 c8b38e74 b475f255 46fcd9b9 7aeb2661 8b1ddf84 846a0e79 915f95e2 466e598e 20b45770  0x1680: 8cd55591 c902de4c b90bace1 bb8205d0 11a86248 7574a99e b77f19b6 e0a9dc09 662d09a1 c4324633 e85a1f02 09f0be8c 4a99a025 1d6efe10 1ab93d1d 0ba5a4df  0x1700: a186f20f 2868f169 dcb7da83 573906fe a1e2ce9b 4fcd7f52 50115e01 a70683fa a002b5c4 0de6d027 9af88c27 773f8641 c3604c06 61a806b5 f0177a28 c0f586e0  0x1780: 006058aa 30dc7d62 11e69ed7 2338ea63 53c2dd94 c2c21634 bbcbee56 90bcb6de ebfc7da1 ce591d76 6f05e409 4b7c0188 39720a3d 7c927c24 86e3725f 724d9db9  0x1800: 1ac15bb4 d39eb8fc ed545578 08fca5b5 d83d7cd3 4dad0fc4 1e50ef5e b161e6f8 a28514d9 6c51133c 6fd5c7e7 56e14ec4 362abfce ddc6c837 d79a3234 92638212  0x1880: 670efa8e 406000e0 3a39ce37 d3faf5cf abc27737 5ac52d1b 5cb0679e 4fa33742 d3822740 99bc9bbe d5118e9d bf0f7315 d62d1c7e c700c47b b78c1b6b 21a19045  0x1900: b26eb1be 6a366eb4 5748ab2f bc946e79 c6a376d2 6549c2c8 530ff8ee 468dde7d d5730a1d 4cd04dc6 2939bbdb a9ba4650 ac9526e8 be5ee304 a1fad5f0 6a2d519a  0x1980: 63ef8ce2 9a86ee22 c089c2b8 43242ef6 a51e03aa 9cf2d0a4 83c061ba 9be96a4d 8fe51550 ba645bd6 2826a2f9 a73a3ae1 4ba99586 ef5562e9 c72fefd3 f752f7da  0x1a00: 3f046f69 77fa0a59 80e4a915 87b08601 9b09e6ad 3b3ee593 e990fd5a 9e34d797 2cf0b7d9 022b8b51 96d5ac3a 017da67d d1cf3ed6 7c7d2d28 1f9f25cf adf2b89b  0x1a80: 5ad6b472 5a88f54c e029ac71 e019a5e6 47b0acfd ed93fa9b e8d3c48d 283b57cc f8d56629 79132e28 785f0191 ed756055 f7960e44 e3d35e8c 15056dd4 88f46dba  0x1b00: 03a16125 0564f0bd c3eb9e15 3c9057a2 97271aec a93a072a 1b3f6d9b 1e6321f5 f59c66fb 26dcf319 7533d928 b155fdf5 03563482 8aba3cbb 28517711 c20ad9f8  0x1b80: abcc5167 ccad925f 4de81751 3830dc8e 379d5862 9320f991 ea7a90c2 fb3e7bce 5121ce64 774fbe32 a8b6e37e c3293d46 48de5369 6413e680 a2ae0810 dd6db224  0x1c00: 69852dfd 09072166 b39a460a 6445c0dd 586cdecf 1c20c8ae 5bbef7dd 1b588d40 ccd2017f 6bb4e3bb dda26a7e 3a59ff45 3e350a44 bcb4cdd5 72eacea8 fa6484bb  0x1c80: 8d6612ae bf3c6f47 d29be463 542f5d9e aec2771b f64e6370 740e0d8d e75b1357 f8721671 af537d5d 4040cb08 4eb4e2cc 34d2466a 0115af84 e1b00428 95983a1d  0x1d00: 06b89fb4 ce6ea048 6f3f3b82 3520ab82 011a1d4b 277227f8 611560b1 e7933fdc bb3a792b 344525bd a08839e1 51ce794b 2f32c9b7 a01fbac9 e01cc87e bcc7d1f6  0x1d80: cf0111c3 a1e8aac7 1a908749 d44fbd9a d0dadecb d50ada38 0339c32a c6913667 8df9317c e0b12b4f f79e59b7 43f5bb3a f2d519ff 27d9459c bf97222c 15e6fc2a  0x1e00: 0f91fc71 9b941525 fae59361 ceb69ceb c2a86459 12baa8d1 b6c1075e e3056a0c 10d25065 cb03a442 e0ec6e0e 1698db3b 4c98a0be 3278e964 9f1f9532 e0d392df  0x1e80: d3a0342b 8971f21e 1b0a7441 4ba3348c c5be7120 c37632d8 df359f8d 9b992f2e e60b6f47 0fe3f11d e54cda54 1edad891 ce6279cf cd3e7e6f 1618b166 fd2c1d05  0x1f00: 848fd2c5 f6fb2299 f523f357 a6327623 93a83531 56cccd02 acf08162 5a75ebb5 6e163697 88d273cc de966292 81b949d0 4c50901b 71c65614 e6c6c7bd 327a140a  0x1f80: 45e1d006 c3f27b9a c9aa53fd 62a80f00 bb25bfe2 35bdd2f6 71126905 b2040222 b6cbcf7c cd769c2b 53113ec0 1640e3d3 38abbd60 2547adf0 ba38209c f746ce76  0x2000: 77afa1c5 20756060 85cbfe4e 8ae88dd8 7aaaf9b0 4cf9aa7e 1948c25c 02fb8a8c 01c36ae4 d6ebe1f9 90d4f869 a65cdea0 3f09252d c208e69f b74e6132 ce77e25b  0x2080: 578fdfe3 3ac372e6 

That's all the bits we need to seed the generator to begin. The default values get laid out into the P Array, and S-Boxes like so:

P Array
ID	Hex	Binary
P1	243f6a88	00100100001111110110101010001000
P2	85a308d3	10000101101000110000100011010011
P3	13198a2e	00010011000110011000101000101110
P4	03707344	00000011011100000111001101000100
P5	a4093822	10100100000010010011100000100010
P6	299f31d0	00101001100111110011000111010000
P7	082efa98	00001000001011101111101010011000
P8	ec4e6c89	11101100010011100110110010001001
P9	452821e6	01000101001010000010000111100110
P10	38d01377	00111000110100000001001101110111
P11	be5466cf	10111110010101000110011011001111
P12	34e90c6c	00110100111010010000110001101100
P13	c0ac29b7	11000000101011000010100110110111
P14	c97c50dd	11001001011111000101000011011101
P15	3f84d5b5	00111111100001001101010110110101
P16	b5470917	10110101010001110000100100010111
P17	9216d5d9	10010010000101101101010111011001
P18	8979fb1b	10001001011110011111101100011011

S-Box 1
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	a	b	c	d	e	f
00	d1310ba6	98dfb5ac	2ffd72db	d01adfb7	b8e1afed	6a267e96	ba7c9045	f12c7f99	24a19947	b3916cf7	0801f2e2	858efc16	636920d8	71574e69	a458fea3	f4933d7e
10	0d95748f	728eb658	718bcd58	82154aee	7b54a41d	c25a59b5	9c30d539	2af26013	c5d1b023	286085f0	ca417918	b8db38ef	8e79dcb0	603a180e	6c9e0e8b	b01e8a3e
20	d71577c1	bd314b27	78af2fda	55605c60	e65525f3	aa55ab94	57489862	63e81440	55ca396a	2aab10b6	b4cc5c34	1141e8ce	a15486af	7c72e993	b3ee1411	636fbc2a
30	2ba9c55d	741831f6	ce5c3e16	9b87931e	afd6ba33	6c24cf5c	7a325381	28958677	3b8f4898	6b4bb9af	c4bfe81b	66282193	61d809cc	fb21a991	487cac60	5dec8032
40	ef845d5d	e98575b1	dc262302	eb651b88	23893e81	d396acc5	0f6d6ff3	83f44239	2e0b4482	a4842004	69c8f04a	9e1f9b5e	21c66842	f6e96c9a	670c9c61	abd388f0
50	6a51a0d2	d8542f68	960fa728	ab5133a3	6eef0b6c	137a3be4	ba3bf050	7efb2a98	a1f1651d	39af0176	66ca593e	82430e88	8cee8619	456f9fb4	7d84a5c3	3b8b5ebe
60	e06f75d8	85c12073	401a449f	56c16aa6	4ed3aa62	363f7706	1bfedf72	429b023d	37d0d724	d00a1248	db0fead3	49f1c09b	075372c9	80991b7b	25d479d8	f6e8def7
70	e3fe501a	b6794c3b	976ce0bd	04c006ba	c1a94fb6	409f60c4	5e5c9ec2	196a2463	68fb6faf	3e6c53b5	1339b2eb	3b52ec6f	6dfc511f	9b30952c	cc814544	af5ebd09
80	bee3d004	de334afd	660f2807	192e4bb3	c0cba857	45c8740f	d20b5f39	b9d3fbdb	5579c0bd	1a60320a	d6a100c6	402c7279	679f25fe	fb1fa3cc	8ea5e9f8	db3222f8
90	3c7516df	fd616b15	2f501ec8	ad0552ab	323db5fa	fd238760	53317b48	3e00df82	9e5c57bb	ca6f8ca0	1a87562e	df1769db	d542a8f6	287effc3	ac6732c6	8c4f5573
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b0	ef20cada	36774c01	d07e9efe	2bf11fb4	95dbda4d	ae909198	eaad8e71	6b93d5a0	d08ed1d0	afc725e0	8e3c5b2f	8e7594b7	8ff6e2fb	f2122b64	8888b812	900df01c
c0	4fad5ea0	688fc31c	d1cff191	b3a8c1ad	2f2f2218	be0e1777	ea752dfe	8b021fa1	e5a0cc0f	b56f74e8	18acf3d6	ce89e299	b4a84fe0	fd13e0b7	7cc43b81	d2ada8d9
d0	165fa266	80957705	93cc7314	211a1477	e6ad2065	77b5fa86	c75442f5	fb9d35cf	ebcdaf0c	7b3e89a0	d6411bd3	ae1e7e49	00250e2d	2071b35e	226800bb	57b8e0af
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S-Box 2
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	a	b	c	d	e	f
00	4b7a70e9	b5b32944	db75092e	c4192623	ad6ea6b0	49a7df7d	9cee60b8	8fedb266	ecaa8c71	699a17ff	5664526c	c2b19ee1	193602a5	75094c29	a0591340	e4183a3e
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30	d19113f9	7ca92ff6	94324773	22f54701	3ae5e581	37c2dadc	c8b57634	9af3dda7	a9446146	0fd0030e	ecc8c73e	a4751e41	e238cd99	3bea0e2f	3280bba1	183eb331
40	4e548b38	4f6db908	6f420d03	f60a04bf	2cb81290	24977c79	5679b072	bcaf89af	de9a771f	d9930810	b38bae12	dccf3f2e	5512721f	2e6b7124	501adde6	9f84cd87
50	7a584718	7408da17	bc9f9abc	e94b7d8c	ec7aec3a	db851dfa	63094366	c464c3d2	ef1c1847	3215d908	dd433b37	24c2ba16	12a14d43	2a65c451	50940002	133ae4dd
60	71dff89e	10314e55	81ac77d6	5f11199b	043556f1	d7a3c76b	3c11183b	5924a509	f28fe6ed	97f1fbfa	9ebabf2c	1e153c6e	86e34570	eae96fb1	860e5e0a	5a3e2ab3
70	771fe71c	4e3d06fa	2965dcb9	99e71d0f	803e89d6	5266c825	2e4cc978	9c10b36a	c6150eba	94e2ea78	a5fc3c53	1e0a2df4	f2f74ea7	361d2b3d	1939260f	19c27960
80	5223a708	f71312b6	ebadfe6e	eac31f66	e3bc4595	a67bc883	b17f37d1	018cff28	c332ddef	be6c5aa5	65582185	68ab9802	eecea50f	db2f953b	2aef7dad	5b6e2f84
90	1521b628	29076170	ecdd4775	619f1510	13cca830	eb61bd96	0334fe1e	aa0363cf	b5735c90	4c70a239	d59e9e0b	cbaade14	eecc86bc	60622ca7	9cab5cab	b2f3846e
a0	648b1eaf	19bdf0ca	a02369b9	655abb50	40685a32	3c2ab4b3	319ee9d5	c021b8f7	9b540b19	875fa099	95f7997e	623d7da8	f837889a	97e32d77	11ed935f	16681281
b0	0e358829	c7e61fd6	96dedfa1	7858ba99	57f584a5	1b227263	9b83c3ff	1ac24696	cdb30aeb	532e3054	8fd948e4	6dbc3128	58ebf2ef	34c6ffea	fe28ed61	ee7c3c73
c0	5d4a14d9	e864b7e3	42105d14	203e13e0	45eee2b6	a3aaabea	db6c4f15	facb4fd0	c742f442	ef6abbb5	654f3b1d	41cd2105	d81e799e	86854dc7	e44b476a	3d816250
d0	cf62a1f2	5b8d2646	fc8883a0	c1c7b6a3	7f1524c3	69cb7492	47848a0b	5692b285	095bbf00	ad19489d	1462b174	23820e00	58428d2a	0c55f5ea	1dadf43e	233f7061
e0	3372f092	8d937e41	d65fecf1	6c223bdb	7cde3759	cbee7460	4085f2a7	ce77326e	a6078084	19f8509e	e8efd855	61d99735	a969a7aa	c50c06c2	5a04abfc	800bcadc
f0	9e447a2e	c3453484	fdd56705	0e1e9ec9	db73dbd3	105588cd	675fda79	e3674340	c5c43465	713e38d8	3d28f89e	f16dff20	153e21e7	8fb03d4a	e6e39f2b	db83adf7

S-Box 3
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	a	b	c	d	e	f
00	e93d5a68	948140f7	f64c261c	94692934	411520f7	7602d4f7	bcf46b2e	d4a20068	d4082471	3320f46a	43b7d4b7	500061af	1e39f62e	97244546	14214f74	bf8b8840
10	4d95fc1d	96b591af	70f4ddd3	66a02f45	bfbc09ec	03bd9785	7fac6dd0	31cb8504	96eb27b3	55fd3941	da2547e6	abca0a9a	28507825	530429f4	0a2c86da	e9b66dfb
20	68dc1462	d7486900	680ec0a4	27a18dee	4f3ffea2	e887ad8c	b58ce006	7af4d6b6	aace1e7c	d3375fec	ce78a399	406b2a42	20fe9e35	d9f385b9	ee39d7ab	3b124e8b
30	1dc9faf7	4b6d1856	26a36631	eae397b2	3a6efa74	dd5b4332	6841e7f7	ca7820fb	fb0af54e	d8feb397	454056ac	ba489527	55533a3a	20838d87	fe6ba9b7	d096954b
40	55a867bc	a1159a58	cca92963	99e1db33	a62a4a56	3f3125f9	5ef47e1c	9029317c	fdf8e802	04272f70	80bb155c	05282ce3	95c11548	e4c66d22	48c1133f	c70f86dc
50	07f9c9ee	41041f0f	404779a4	5d886e17	325f51eb	d59bc0d1	f2bcc18f	41113564	257b7834	602a9c60	dff8e8a3	1f636c1b	0e12b4c2	02e1329e	af664fd1	cad18115
60	6b2395e0	333e92e1	3b240b62	eebeb922	85b2a20e	e6ba0d99	de720c8c	2da2f728	d0127845	95b794fd	647d0862	e7ccf5f0	5449a36f	877d48fa	c39dfd27	f33e8d1e
70	0a476341	992eff74	3a6f6eab	f4f8fd37	a812dc60	a1ebddf8	991be14c	db6e6b0d	c67b5510	6d672c37	2765d43b	dcd0e804	f1290dc7	cc00ffa3	b5390f92	690fed0b
80	667b9ffb	cedb7d9c	a091cf0b	d9155ea3	bb132f88	515bad24	7b9479bf	763bd6eb	37392eb3	cc115979	8026e297	f42e312d	6842ada7	c66a2b3b	12754ccc	782ef11c
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a0	9dbc8057	f0f7c086	60787bf8	6003604d	d1fd8346	f6381fb0	7745ae04	d736fccc	83426b33	f01eab71	b0804187	3c005e5f	77a057be	bde8ae24	55464299	bf582e61
b0	4e58f48f	f2ddfda2	f474ef38	8789bdc2	5366f9c3	c8b38e74	b475f255	46fcd9b9	7aeb2661	8b1ddf84	846a0e79	915f95e2	466e598e	20b45770	8cd55591	c902de4c
c0	b90bace1	bb8205d0	11a86248	7574a99e	b77f19b6	e0a9dc09	662d09a1	c4324633	e85a1f02	09f0be8c	4a99a025	1d6efe10	1ab93d1d	0ba5a4df	a186f20f	2868f169
d0	dcb7da83	573906fe	a1e2ce9b	4fcd7f52	50115e01	a70683fa	a002b5c4	0de6d027	9af88c27	773f8641	c3604c06	61a806b5	f0177a28	c0f586e0	006058aa	30dc7d62
e0	11e69ed7	2338ea63	53c2dd94	c2c21634	bbcbee56	90bcb6de	ebfc7da1	ce591d76	6f05e409	4b7c0188	39720a3d	7c927c24	86e3725f	724d9db9	1ac15bb4	d39eb8fc
f0	ed545578	08fca5b5	d83d7cd3	4dad0fc4	1e50ef5e	b161e6f8	a28514d9	6c51133c	6fd5c7e7	56e14ec4	362abfce	ddc6c837	d79a3234	92638212	670efa8e	406000e0

S-Box 4
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00	3a39ce37	d3faf5cf	abc27737	5ac52d1b	5cb0679e	4fa33742	d3822740	99bc9bbe	d5118e9d	bf0f7315	d62d1c7e	c700c47b	b78c1b6b	21a19045	b26eb1be	6a366eb4
10	5748ab2f	bc946e79	c6a376d2	6549c2c8	530ff8ee	468dde7d	d5730a1d	4cd04dc6	2939bbdb	a9ba4650	ac9526e8	be5ee304	a1fad5f0	6a2d519a	63ef8ce2	9a86ee22
20	c089c2b8	43242ef6	a51e03aa	9cf2d0a4	83c061ba	9be96a4d	8fe51550	ba645bd6	2826a2f9	a73a3ae1	4ba99586	ef5562e9	c72fefd3	f752f7da	3f046f69	77fa0a59
30	80e4a915	87b08601	9b09e6ad	3b3ee593	e990fd5a	9e34d797	2cf0b7d9	022b8b51	96d5ac3a	017da67d	d1cf3ed6	7c7d2d28	1f9f25cf	adf2b89b	5ad6b472	5a88f54c
40	e029ac71	e019a5e6	47b0acfd	ed93fa9b	e8d3c48d	283b57cc	f8d56629	79132e28	785f0191	ed756055	f7960e44	e3d35e8c	15056dd4	88f46dba	03a16125	0564f0bd
50	c3eb9e15	3c9057a2	97271aec	a93a072a	1b3f6d9b	1e6321f5	f59c66fb	26dcf319	7533d928	b155fdf5	03563482	8aba3cbb	28517711	c20ad9f8	abcc5167	ccad925f
60	4de81751	3830dc8e	379d5862	9320f991	ea7a90c2	fb3e7bce	5121ce64	774fbe32	a8b6e37e	c3293d46	48de5369	6413e680	a2ae0810	dd6db224	69852dfd	09072166
70	b39a460a	6445c0dd	586cdecf	1c20c8ae	5bbef7dd	1b588d40	ccd2017f	6bb4e3bb	dda26a7e	3a59ff45	3e350a44	bcb4cdd5	72eacea8	fa6484bb	8d6612ae	bf3c6f47
80	d29be463	542f5d9e	aec2771b	f64e6370	740e0d8d	e75b1357	f8721671	af537d5d	4040cb08	4eb4e2cc	34d2466a	0115af84	e1b00428	95983a1d	06b89fb4	ce6ea048
90	6f3f3b82	3520ab82	011a1d4b	277227f8	611560b1	e7933fdc	bb3a792b	344525bd	a08839e1	51ce794b	2f32c9b7	a01fbac9	e01cc87e	bcc7d1f6	cf0111c3	a1e8aac7
a0	1a908749	d44fbd9a	d0dadecb	d50ada38	0339c32a	c6913667	8df9317c	e0b12b4f	f79e59b7	43f5bb3a	f2d519ff	27d9459c	bf97222c	15e6fc2a	0f91fc71	9b941525
b0	fae59361	ceb69ceb	c2a86459	12baa8d1	b6c1075e	e3056a0c	10d25065	cb03a442	e0ec6e0e	1698db3b	4c98a0be	3278e964	9f1f9532	e0d392df	d3a0342b	8971f21e
c0	1b0a7441	4ba3348c	c5be7120	c37632d8	df359f8d	9b992f2e	e60b6f47	0fe3f11d	e54cda54	1edad891	ce6279cf	cd3e7e6f	1618b166	fd2c1d05	848fd2c5	f6fb2299
d0	f523f357	a6327623	93a83531	56cccd02	acf08162	5a75ebb5	6e163697	88d273cc	de966292	81b949d0	4c50901b	71c65614	e6c6c7bd	327a140a	45e1d006	c3f27b9a
e0	c9aa53fd	62a80f00	bb25bfe2	35bdd2f6	71126905	b2040222	b6cbcf7c	cd769c2b	53113ec0	1640e3d3	38abbd60	2547adf0	ba38209c	f746ce76	77afa1c5	20756060
f0	85cbfe4e	8ae88dd8	7aaaf9b0	4cf9aa7e	1948c25c	02fb8a8c	01c36ae4	d6ebe1f9	90d4f869	a65cdea0	3f09252d	c208e69f	b74e6132	ce77e25b	578fdfe3	3ac372e6

This is the default setup for the blowfish cypher, but in order to actually encode anything, we must first apply our secret key.

Applying secret key

The blowfish cypher encodes data using a set of data tables (P array and S-Boxes). We could encode something with the data tables set up as they are, but that would require only knowledge of the blowfish cypher's default data tables to decode. So, we first select a secret phrase; Joe's not that creative, nor that concerned about security, so he chooses a password of 'password'. We convert that to ASCII (hex values), and arrive at 0x70617373776F7264. Using an actual passWORD for a blowfish key weakens the encryption, since you're self-limiting the possible values of the hex key to the range of 0x20-0x7E (94 possibilities), rather than 0x00-0xFF (256 possibilities), making a brute-force attack easier to accomplish.

Next we take that phrase and repeat it as often as necessary to match the size of the P array (hence the longest key that can be used with blowfish is 144 bits long, since that's the length of the P array):

Key:     70617373 776f7264 70617373 ... 70617373 776f7264
P array: 243f6a88 85a308d3 13198a2e ... 9216d5d9 8979fb1b

Then for each element of the P array, perform an exclusive-or (XOR) on the key and P element, arriving at a third element. Store this in the P array in place of the old element. In order to visualize this, we must expand the hexadecimal out to binary bits:

Key:     70617373                         776f7264                         ...
         01110000011000010111001101110011 01110111011011110111001001100100 ...
P array: 243f6a88                         85a308d3                         ...
         00100100001111110110101010001000 10000101101000110000100011010011 ...

XOR:     01010100010111100001100111111011 11110010100011000111101010110111 ...
         545e19fb                         f2cc7ab7

The XOR result is a zero if both or neither of the input bits are zero, and is one if one and only one of the input bits is one. After XOR-ing the entire P array, the new P array looks like:

P Array
ID	Hex	Binary
P1	545e19fb	01010100010111100001100111111011
P2	f2cc7ab7	11110010110011000111101010110111
P3	6378f95d	01100011011110001111100101011101
P4	741f0120	01110100000111110000000100100000
P5	d4684b51	11010100011010000100101101010001
P6	5ef043b4	01011110111100000100001110110100
P7	784f89eb	01111000010011111000100111101011
P8	9b211eed	10011011001000010001111011101101
P9	35495295	00110101010010010101001010010101
P10	4fbf6113	01001111101111110110000100010011
P11	ce3515bc	11001110001101010001010110111100
P12	43867e08	01000011100001100111111000001000
P13	b0cd5ac4	10110000110011010101101011000100
P14	be1322b9	10111110000100110010001010111001
P15	4fe5a6c6	01001111111001011010011011000110
P16	c2287b73	11000010001010000111101101110011
P17	e277a6aa	11100010011101111010011010101010
P18	fe16897f	11111110000101101000100101111111

This is not the final values of the P array, but is an intermediary step to ensure that the next step is more random. To set up the final values of the P array and S-boxes for encryption, the new P array is used to generate the new values. This process is fairly repetitive and processor-intensive, and is one of blowfish's benefits, to resist brute-force attack. We must now take a 64-byte block of all zeroes (0x0000000000000000) and encrypt it using the standard blowfish method, using the new P array and original S-boxes.

To encode a 64-bit block, first the block is split in half, the highest-order bits being stored as the first input into the Left side of the Feistel structure (L₀), and the lower-order bits being the Right side (R₀). L₀ is XORed with P₁ and stored as R₁, and fed through the F function. The F function splits the 32-bit input into four pieces. From highest to lowest, they get replaced with their values from S-box 1 through 4. Then the highest-order piece gets added to the second-highest piece (and bits higher than 32 get dropped), then XORed with the third piece, and finally added to the smallest piece (dropping bits higher than 32). That output from the F function is XORed with R₀ and stored as L₁. You now have L₁ and R₁; repeat the cycle until you have L₁₄ and R₁₄. On the last round, the halves don't change places, so L₁₄ is XORed with P₁₅, and is both passed through the F function to be XORed with R₁₄, and is stored still as L₁₄. Then L₁₄ is XORed with P₁₈ and R₁₄ is XORed with P₁₇, then re-merged into one 64-bit string to be the final encrypted string.

Put more concisely, R_i = L_i-1 ⊕ P_i, L_i = R_i-1 ⊕ F(L_i-1 ⊕ P_i)

So, we start with L₀ = 0x00000000, R₀ = 0x00000000
L₀ ⊕ P₁ = 0x00000000 ⊕ 0x545e19fb = 0x545e19fb = R₁
F(L₀ ⊕ P₁) = F(0x545e19fb)

Applying the F function to 0x545e19fb, it first gets split into four pieces, 0x54, 0x5e, 0x19, and 0xfb. Since each S-box has 256 entries, we can convert these pieces to decimal, and take that entry from the S-box as the new value. So, the 0x54th element of S-box 1 is 0x6eef0b6c, the 0x5e element from S-box 2 is 0x50940002, 0x19 from S-box 3 is 0x55fd3941, and 0xfb from S-box 4 is 0xc208e69f.
0x6eef0b6c + 0x50940002 = 0xbf830b6e
0xbf830b6e ⊕ 0x55fd3941 = 0xea7e322f
0xea7e322f + 0xc208e69f = 0xac8718ce
F(L₀ ⊕ P₁) = F(0x545e19fb) = 0xac8718ce

R₀ ⊕ F(L₀ ⊕ P₁) = 0x00000000 ⊕ 0xac8718ce = 0xac8718ce = L₁

Encoding L₀ = 0x00000000, R₀ = 0x00000000
L₀ = 000000000000 = 0x00000000 = 0b00000000000000000000000000000000 B₀ = 001415453179 = 0x545e19fb = 0b01010100010111100001100111111011 R₁ = 001415453179 = 0x545e19fb = 0b01010100010111100001100111111011
R₀ = 000000000000 = 0x00000000 = 0b00000000000000000000000000000000 F(R₁) = -01400432434 = 0xac8718ce = 0b10101100100001110001100011001110 L₁ = -01400432434 = 0xac8718ce = 0b10101100100001110001100011001110
After round 1, we end up with L₁ = 0xac8718ce, R₁ = 0x545e19fb
L₁ = -01400432434 = 0xac8718ce = 0b10101100100001110001100011001110 B₁ = -00221480265 = 0xf2cc7ab7 = 0b11110010110011000111101010110111 R₂ = 001581998713 = 0x5e4b6279 = 0b01011110010010110110001001111001
R₁ = 001415453179 = 0x545e19fb = 0b01010100010111100001100111111011 F(R₂) = -01680740648 = 0x9bd1eed8 = 0b10011011110100011110111011011000 L₂ = -00812648669 = 0xcf8ff723 = 0b11001111100011111111011100100011
After round 2, we end up with L₂ = 0xcf8ff723, R₂ = 0x5e4b6279
L₂ = -00812648669 = 0xcf8ff723 = 0b11001111100011111111011100100011 B₂ = 001668872541 = 0x6378f95d = 0b01100011011110001111100101011101 R₃ = -01393095042 = 0xacf70e7e = 0b10101100111101110000111001111110
R₂ = 001581998713 = 0x5e4b6279 = 0b01011110010010110110001001111001 F(R₃) = 001590332444 = 0x5eca8c1c = 0b01011110110010101000110000011100 L₃ = 000008515173 = 0x0081ee65 = 0b00000000100000011110111001100101
After round 3, we end up with L₃ = 0x0081ee65, R₃ = 0xacf70e7e
L₃ = 000008515173 = 0x0081ee65 = 0b00000000100000011110111001100101 B₃ = 001948188960 = 0x741f0120 = 0b01110100000111110000000100100000 R₄ = 001956572997 = 0x749eef45 = 0b01110100100111101110111101000101
R₃ = -01393095042 = 0xacf70e7e = 0b10101100111101110000111001111110 F(R₄) = -01241158551 = 0xb6056c69 = 0b10110110000001010110110001101001 L₄ = 000452092439 = 0x1af26217 = 0b00011010111100100110001000010111
After round 4, we end up with L₄ = 0x1af26217, R₄ = 0x749eef45
L₄ = 000452092439 = 0x1af26217 = 0b00011010111100100110001000010111 B₄ = -00731362479 = 0xd4684b51 = 0b11010100011010000100101101010001 R₅ = -00828757690 = 0xce9a2946 = 0b11001110100110100010100101000110
R₄ = 001956572997 = 0x749eef45 = 0b01110100100111101110111101000101 F(R₅) = 002049633417 = 0x7a2aec89 = 0b01111010001010101110110010001001 L₅ = 000246678476 = 0x0eb403cc = 0b00001110101101000000001111001100
After round 5, we end up with L₅ = 0x0eb403cc, R₅ = 0xce9a2946
L₅ = 000246678476 = 0x0eb403cc = 0b00001110101101000000001111001100 B₅ = 001592804276 = 0x5ef043b4 = 0b01011110111100000100001110110100 R₆ = 001346650232 = 0x50444078 = 0b01010000010001000100000001111000
R₅ = -00828757690 = 0xce9a2946 = 0b11001110100110100010100101000110 F(R₆) = -01606140068 = 0xa0443f5c = 0b10100000010001000011111101011100 L₆ = 001860048410 = 0x6ede161a = 0b01101110110111100001011000011010
After round 6, we end up with L₆ = 0x6ede161a, R₆ = 0x50444078
L₆ = 001860048410 = 0x6ede161a = 0b01101110110111100001011000011010 B₆ = 002018478571 = 0x784f89eb = 0b01111000010011111000100111101011 R₇ = 000378642417 = 0x16919ff1 = 0b00010110100100011001111111110001
R₆ = 001346650232 = 0x50444078 = 0b01010000010001000100000001111000 F(R₇) = 000751141679 = 0x2cc5832f = 0b00101100110001011000001100101111 L₇ = 002088878935 = 0x7c81c357 = 0b01111100100000011100001101010111
After round 7, we end up with L₇ = 0x7c81c357, R₇ = 0x16919ff1
L₇ = 002088878935 = 0x7c81c357 = 0b01111100100000011100001101010111 B₇ = -01692328211 = 0x9b211eed = 0b10011011001000010001111011101101 R₈ = -00408887878 = 0xe7a0ddba = 0b11100111101000001101110110111010
R₇ = 000378642417 = 0x16919ff1 = 0b00010110100100011001111111110001 F(R₈) = -00199360686 = 0xf41dff52 = 0b11110100000111011111111101010010 L₈ = -00494116701 = 0xe28c60a3 = 0b11100010100011000110000010100011
After round 8, we end up with L₈ = 0xe28c60a3, R₈ = 0xe7a0ddba
L₈ = -00494116701 = 0xe28c60a3 = 0b11100010100011000110000010100011 B₈ = 000893997717 = 0x35495295 = 0b00110101010010010101001010010101 R₉ = -00674942410 = 0xd7c53236 = 0b11010111110001010011001000110110
R₈ = -00408887878 = 0xe7a0ddba = 0b11100111101000001101110110111010 F(R₉) = -00422232223 = 0xe6d53f61 = 0b11100110110101010011111101100001 L₉ = 000024503003 = 0x0175e2db = 0b00000001011101011110001011011011
After round 9, we end up with L₉ = 0x0175e2db, R₉ = 0xd7c53236
L₉ = 000024503003 = 0x0175e2db = 0b00000001011101011110001011011011 B₉ = 001337942291 = 0x4fbf6113 = 0b01001111101111110110000100010011 R₁₀ = 001321894856 = 0x4eca83c8 = 0b01001110110010101000001111001000
R₉ = -00674942410 = 0xd7c53236 = 0b11010111110001010011001000110110 F(R₁₀) = -00090479567 = 0xfa9b6431 = 0b11111010100110110110010000110001 L₁₀ = 000761157127 = 0x2d5e5607 = 0b00101101010111100101011000000111
After round 10, we end up with L₁₀ = 0x2d5e5607, R₁₀ = 0x4eca83c8
L₁₀ = 000761157127 = 0x2d5e5607 = 0b00101101010111100101011000000111 B₁₀ = -00835381828 = 0xce3515bc = 0b11001110001101010001010110111100 R₁₁ = -00479509573 = 0xe36b43bb = 0b11100011011010110100001110111011
R₁₀ = 001321894856 = 0x4eca83c8 = 0b01001110110010101000001111001000 F(R₁₁) = 000546185615 = 0x208e218f = 0b00100000100011100010000110001111 L₁₁ = 001849991751 = 0x6e44a247 = 0b01101110010001001010001001000111
After round 11, we end up with L₁₁ = 0x6e44a247, R₁₁ = 0xe36b43bb
L₁₁ = 001849991751 = 0x6e44a247 = 0b01101110010001001010001001000111 B₁₁ = 001132887560 = 0x43867e08 = 0b01000011100001100111111000001000 R₁₂ = 000767745103 = 0x2dc2dc4f = 0b00101101110000101101110001001111
R₁₁ = -00479509573 = 0xe36b43bb = 0b11100011011010110100001110111011 F(R₁₂) = 001408838988 = 0x53f92d4c = 0b01010011111110010010110101001100 L₁₂ = -01332580617 = 0xb0926ef7 = 0b10110000100100100110111011110111
After round 12, we end up with L₁₂ = 0xb0926ef7, R₁₂ = 0x2dc2dc4f
L₁₂ = -01332580617 = 0xb0926ef7 = 0b10110000100100100110111011110111 B₁₂ = -01328719164 = 0xb0cd5ac4 = 0b10110000110011010101101011000100 R₁₃ = 000006239283 = 0x005f3433 = 0b00000000010111110011010000110011
R₁₂ = 000767745103 = 0x2dc2dc4f = 0b00101101110000101101110001001111 F(R₁₃) = -00691232316 = 0xd6cca1c4 = 0b11010110110011001010000111000100 L₁₃ = 000880880837 = 0x34812cc5 = 0b00110100100000010010110011000101
After round 13, we end up with L₁₃ = 0x34812cc5, R₁₃ = 0x005f3433
L₁₃ = 000880880837 = 0x34812cc5 = 0b00110100100000010010110011000101 B₁₃ = -01106042183 = 0xbe1322b9 = 0b10111110000100110010001010111001 R₁₄ = -01970139524 = 0x8a920e7c = 0b10001010100100100000111001111100
R₁₃ = 000006239283 = 0x005f3433 = 0b00000000010111110011010000110011 F(R₁₄) = 001246352887 = 0x4a49d5f7 = 0b01001010010010011101010111110111 L₁₄ = 001243013572 = 0x4a16e1c4 = 0b01001010000101101110000111000100
After round 14, we end up with L₁₄ = 0x4a16e1c4, R₁₄ = 0x8a920e7c
L₁₄ = 001243013572 = 0x4a16e1c4 = 0b01001010000101101110000111000100 B₁₄ = 001340450502 = 0x4fe5a6c6 = 0b01001111111001011010011011000110 R₁₅ = 000099829506 = 0x05f34702 = 0b00000101111100110100011100000010
R₁₄ = -01970139524 = 0x8a920e7c = 0b10001010100100100000111001111100 F(R₁₅) = 000670604981 = 0x27f89eb5 = 0b00100111111110001001111010110101 L₁₅ = 000515681574 = 0x1ebcad26 = 0b00011110101111001010110100100110
After round 15, we end up with L₁₅ = 0x1ebcad26, R₁₅ = 0x05f34702
L₁₅ = 000515681574 = 0x1ebcad26 = 0b00011110101111001010110100100110 B₁₅ = -01037534349 = 0xc2287b73 = 0b11000010001010000111101101110011 R₁₆ = -00594225579 = 0xdc94d655 = 0b11011100100101001101011001010101
R₁₅ = 000099829506 = 0x05f34702 = 0b00000101111100110100011100000010 F(R₁₆) = -00766106226 = 0xd256258e = 0b11010010010101100010010110001110 L₁₆ = -00677027188 = 0xd7a5628c = 0b11010111101001010110001010001100
After round 16, we end up with L₁₆ = 0xd7a5628c, R₁₆ = 0xdc94d655
After the final round, we end up with L_f = 0x22825f2a, R_f = 0x35d2c426.

So, the output from the blowfish encryption of 0x00000000 is 0x22825f2a35d2c426. This gets split in half and replaces the first two entries in the P array. Then that same output is fed in as input to the engine, and a new result is output, which will become the third and fourth entries in the P array. This continues until the P array is replaced, then S-box 1, through S-box 4. A total of 521 encodings needs to happen to generate enough data for this. After doing that whole process, the blowfish engine now looks like this:

P Array
ID	Hex	Binary
P1	22825f2a	00100010100000100101111100101010
P2	35d2c426	00110101110100101100010000100110
P3	8b00faf8	10001011000000001111101011111000
P4	4436d80e	01000100001101101101100000001110
P5	a401f60b	10100100000000011111011000001011
P6	81764b11	10000001011101100100101100010001
P7	59a7e0eb	01011001101001111110000011101011
P8	e080dbfb	11100000100000001101101111111011
P9	4a16af23	01001010000101101010111100100011
P10	ef725173	11101111011100100101000101110011
P11	17b4b0cb	00010111101101001011000011001011
P12	7fd72a5f	01111111110101110010101001011111
P13	e69c3e25	11100110100111000011111000100101
P14	99986c6c	10011001100110000110110001101100
P15	38756c32	00111000011101010110110000110010
P16	4993c928	01001001100100111100100100101000
P17	216f4f75	00100001011011110100111101110101
P18	1fe1839f	00011111111000011000001110011111

S-Box 1
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	a	b	c	d	e	f
00	8f1bf4de	6afcf373	530d0672	cc500fee	d15186e5	52ffa039	4068d9db	15cca20b	9550a456	d3f6ea7d	e9d7c012	0a6aeb9b	31696572	98289b16	b4c8b90a	527a25a8
10	27a7f366	de93f86b	54605d6a	d90eb703	af263733	884d5d38	4d7c7809	414ab9dd	68419203	34d3a361	f5dd5815	3708762a	6e7cf951	2c1fc8bc	8c81fa0c	62645ac4
20	e9f5c5d8	6ecd2d24	26a87f2e	cd8ae954	48ec79f3	c12aaafd	c528f37a	957738d1	8e3f72a7	faa7f09f	30bf7317	bb459474	6fe01602	6582bfc1	78bcb25c	c09d0960
30	4a575e51	471bd0a6	9ac8497e	4f3b992e	11edd669	57464aee	650349b9	d0e536d5	ec64ed79	ba5375b7	ecdabf11	f81eef08	9d98bf8e	a2077b59	1fc0ec74	d1d94580
40	8541c4bf	9f9c8ab4	c16ab27b	051d5b97	0542bc8c	c014c4f8	98870fb4	ff039d76	0f63f223	cdef1780	797be101	38a1ed26	3905e93f	57712410	c2783058	a285c8a1
50	7a0c5cb4	11c0d3c9	6c5c87b3	5002e78f	8b779413	c01ba952	d1068203	713a6ab8	381820ff	d26dbfc4	4640c230	d41afa0e	83e8334c	a826f618	095674ff	6e8273cd
60	c38290ab	501de2c5	befbbe82	94fa9ad8	edda4143	070e6b8d	b6c1b978	3954ea11	1b8c14bf	64e5dd2a	3fecb7c5	d6520cb4	540f28c8	f89654c5	fd3ae4dd	c0e7847b
70	796b7294	608814ca	5b91601e	74c2b356	8a3a2543	89062cd5	2cbaa075	e5139058	660ffe12	c508e11d	62aed28b	d184f34d	d9b0ff8d	6a4bde64	a8ff3a12	0bdfccb9
80	d36df269	7de1b660	b78743b7	0d53db8b	78def122	36f470a2	e542056e	b1adfe6d	925c89c5	68d7db50	6aeb64e2	d7b8cdb2	42f58337	9d8d92c7	40b846fa	6075c78d
90	a1a0b5c1	a77303e6	7e25fda5	08515093	bd9a49ae	7809c4df	6f36d22f	7480e282	c30c1227	1e5c99de	88d440a2	b669d500	f555458e	a53d9a9d	6771b563	371a0315
a0	ba7341a3	b1b3bfe7	3fb779b7	3026f203	a2ee7da4	461b3d8d	a1b5a7c9	80a70948	1d708751	d88af935	7dd72366	42c7b89f	9d73cc26	ad4cb147	3f75ee6d	a45fd4e1
b0	53c0d9df	78056001	2865b892	dd9b4850	828735eb	64ae5416	99c0f540	867786fa	7385a93d	81b92207	af04024f	0944282e	08a1f35b	7bc194a0	e7ffeb8b	2f153a2c
c0	bb5358f6	e6a5edba	61888a02	77fe657d	e593f4fd	63af5c49	5e439b35	2d7edcae	57be697b	6f588d68	95c21e9c	20f1e72d	f9272b05	3f2095c6	4b5e26f2	6c7170ea
d0	5189ca10	e3b2e4a7	ad56a322	205c181b	9b85c9f4	44ff0f3d	2d98cc17	5280f51c	1bc7b0be	dd98bc2d	942ce6ab	0822083e	4181954c	56212b29	7e0989c8	204e8610
e0	4aca5c33	f4e5f885	68db3d7a	89c92fb8	edf06100	3a3feb69	4281ec6f	93456700	dcee7201	8145df7d	b4f7bfc1	bb0ee36a	7b16d5c6	a338d107	4ea0d71e	ae609a82
f0	f9f40930	0a65c1fd	a207ddbd	0a0c317e	c941cef2	ebc3971a	320e4d40	c7ba4692	52cc194b	57240fa6	25e05efa	74591991	53fb3999	5c76b9fd	6b7dead2	41d2af51

S-Box 2
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	a	b	c	d	e	f
00	12a52d1c	5b7a25ff	a884d8cf	c35402db	8cb310c4	ddd576a7	eeb968a3	2259d5e0	86947835	13ad5bd6	ecfc1053	45b55f4c	697be468	4932493e	8044b62f	7f966210
10	7773b364	d6ac84d5	24869fe2	b456b86c	d8813e21	589ee888	d9a96836	442bdf7e	58e58bd1	d8ede1ca	4dadf511	9bac2db8	57d61a15	f2f80144	31d32fc8	48c1fd2d
20	1cc4668b	8f447173	bca4d773	cec82bc3	9433741c	7b3e7194	c47e40f3	fadd0030	9a3723d6	120eb10a	62ec8ba4	bb174773	8154adfa	6c3b0270	38845bf0	8a4be0bc
30	41e97ad4	5fd82134	856168f7	58bbaf89	cedf1aa5	fd576da0	66a51bc6	29e83ad2	1eec25e6	cd8c4011	ff9c2663	401c70cd	f7d50623	fd8752f8	8aad80fb	d9ed9b71
40	b24a4130	873e45de	63bd986c	1d08ab87	797fe987	50d3da9c	be87744b	404148cc	95188019	4bd603aa	6ac8d625	7bf3649a	01b3f847	d5158244	dff7dc76	26a65150
50	9b1fc08d	f1fc0749	e8d06e45	52ef893c	294e8720	98f7339d	46bcb798	1dd7c8a4	9d214279	ab569799	69d1e352	81255d16	b7e4f264	c22cfbf2	b4bec2b0	ebf583e8
60	a1418018	60a1a63d	d7797c8a	782eb31a	9d514f9b	160af799	5acf58dd	60aa2246	0014459b	059660b3	2bda8703	e8ce7a27	a583761d	2547f87e	ce7b51a7	0e074ba0
70	1d3dda6c	950c9925	c1a85293	f03f0025	6bd03be3	83a42619	fdb4c9cb	f7c78cc4	693c5c97	6168ada4	33b2da88	673b54e1	b9293665	ec3ef6e7	4569aaf8	f6dae37d
80	8ee10b0e	b58b2e4b	85c70a2e	0b17b3b2	34675b3a	10b8662a	bc6e24d1	c4f99a0f	d4effdf3	9c1a0343	bf419ff2	7b51ea19	06ab177f	33e3298f	4091aaaa	72820212
90	24380ec7	7572eb79	93bf2d8d	eebc3694	427575dd	279ddef1	143c4e0b	6246d993	558ce571	89cf30d4	1dc86d2b	a5549f74	585c3eb4	96286513	16b273d6	ef360118
a0	fdaff0e7	0bc24a47	022bd739	407e6c4f	ea2e9130	e25a5539	10f4abc0	864a6415	32dcf3e7	17e20721	c744cabd	25dc1aed	a48e1927	7df4ec1a	72e4987a	b5c887e4
b0	c91db0b2	e8186cf4	d0711a22	44c63930	b7264a17	b9d14818	e406e3a4	db4d17e9	91e84c2c	631e16b0	9750b2c8	5f0de1d7	5c2f9d9d	3437457a	d4a432ad	fa3b9b8f
c0	1ed19040	cc4e3b3c	825fa9eb	70c7bd1a	a918030b	f6c7a581	fec38ec6	ea945e91	45081d84	13d5b7a2	43f3217d	7c62e7db	e697f23c	4ea419d6	a4bd6f4d	0686d738
d0	ad9a2786	80b2b2f0	e180a542	161c2bd2	2f7a905f	f598f51b	8314ee3c	4d0c9934	6980f744	65184ed4	5da27172	098de2e9	9ca54de5	1cfff68f	9de21e54	3c3ea0d8
e0	9798071f	df1a9922	29afc100	aee27c80	3312a5d0	3183f8eb	b6d9a954	340d51fd	58b12b99	5f1d741c	50c34fce	8af66cf3	0df3ecc0	ef1f8e06	bde01981	830e7cd2
f0	da7640c4	d01c1d80	3f80afc7	a21ed0a1	dceaa6da	b3d98a83	b1af8907	49873eba	590f31ea	e2460c98	724290fe	1475ced2	22ce7d8f	f946e4d4	cafc9d03	370f5644

S-Box 3
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	a	b	c	d	e	f
00	5b5170a1	fe7b5d69	58942f0e	8866aaac	6bd6ffa6	c91b4841	82ea75a7	9bf70993	2fc6fea2	20aac2c1	8f795318	b63717a1	9e5b836e	8a87b7bf	6ba1afd3	171e40d9
10	4d907220	fde1949a	db4bb387	a1a1d128	84c62dbf	d7d4364f	f59a8c1c	f22848eb	8466744b	ed93687d	61fdc88a	803ba653	834b3994	df044006	300c611e	0cd9897b
20	cfad65e2	a437a709	b0603e72	568802d9	cb5e5d0b	791f973a	3b3d0c63	9df53862	d8cbda39	9daff8ea	58266847	a9000a09	387f31cf	07bf09a1	b36ccfd1	b1b249f0
30	42c2ce1d	0102b869	233329d0	d3815f3d	d7d84757	d3871666	4476f945	25d78ddd	69186472	e6bad2ca	47379c05	51853b8f	6f0014b5	df043cdb	3339c584	a2780b6f
40	7cf5e480	cd45c795	aeefd4e5	932ca88b	06241dbb	d2e6ec82	aa6f0c0a	e6cd58b9	cd160940	b4fd4d95	88021ab6	6cd78792	22f08f6b	e5a07755	8e931856	dc319e0c
50	bcdab434	d7bc3a14	09b74fc4	8a84ff93	f7ab1f41	2ecb5c06	b0064c78	a9417041	18ba90a5	44880aaa	4fc36306	14779274	fed41422	a3a3160e	6bcb5592	281d40d6
60	cc9a4629	7803312c	2558d5ce	30db13b7	fd5a54bf	239f2a0b	e048d8c4	a9ead425	47b0c903	50a1b98c	67c15f9d	4ba7a43f	871c0fbb	be53080e	958715d1	36718bae
70	74b7c7ba	7c21460a	452a6abf	71b955b5	1584d7dd	c5d7b370	1698107d	da6605f8	b90ef1f1	39fdbf18	b6c25665	72f932af	59769976	90698513	ef255500	d83ec494
80	1ba574a3	ee17533c	cc001c0c	7064a7e2	0a345e3f	dcb9560f	4eeb6efc	99c6691d	1bc878bd	d8bafdc7	d528a57b	030c89fa	a05ef005	512ca097	e9349370	46020c17
90	d15c12d8	da7738bc	47950b1c	b50f8fd8	3a44caa9	e7de73db	eaa58b32	b8de2e1b	18778516	593cd530	7538078d	5daaa7bd	5955cfaf	92fd2c58	7fdc00b2	2ad80e87
a0	8dc1b490	082bc577	cc358bca	73659d85	09a9beb8	ede23c19	fb53c77c	629a5482	6bc09b19	4db94594	133bdb92	ef914a03	3fce3c29	1b8443ef	930131c9	dcba8265
b0	b7faef2d	349de478	9c64e10d	af8b4375	39c5dcee	8f01af1a	f650fbe7	b9e423df	61eee38d	6ea3b6f3	3e2a0800	f93e5f4a	a4a4f365	d3b0244e	fb5ef787	e797fc6c
c0	3c11e456	a8cc069b	1386adc4	051f6431	f3638616	637da5ef	376fe1fd	e10d0b64	e4b7d44a	47d3379a	ba8f3343	181c32c1	0d11f3e7	bd1a7730	87899f72	c2ff913a
d0	565d920b	844bc84b	6a89b6b2	a2b64e12	0724e395	5e2ebf11	95705a3b	5807297f	70d2466e	d8db6b5a	400a16bd	22f7172c	388b8248	728ffc68	a950e3a0	5426457c
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S-Box 4
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00	a3c644b4	b5a0d38b	aa0adbfd	f7b04356	eca52ec1	f1e441b9	b012d435	6a971fc5	64555c63	693f8d24	ed68f6e1	63a14362	d4588844	94b2ca82	7e69b0ca	6f8f74e4
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20	f15aefd4	d0ded026	dd5d8e75	a50cd553	f8bfab22	1e83761a	9ca888b3	a263d6fc	969ae336	4b04e139	6a5a5132	e2caef8b	77825798	97ca5722	ebd90a9f	eb8ea1a0
30	b770ecf6	56f63550	711df826	a48b182d	2bafcd74	01e26966	74a862be	f7e2240e	776e2c0d	77230d5c	541c2304	e33d8530	d4621f34	6af84f83	041857ad	bf63fc37
40	718372aa	10a261a6	03cea438	dde1ff93	7850dcef	5f78f368	1bc505d0	37f975ae	77a6f2f4	60d7ad9a	3557e0f0	46231504	1ee46768	030817c3	a2f2a660	651d0313
50	46e04d50	33249910	44b20f81	5039e28a	566dcee3	249a90e5	7e1ae12d	abcf3010	e0fa59d6	6eff54a7	4286c102	585a35bc	bfc85b84	1e38eb9e	d8ba38f0	b3ed81e8
60	bfad0cc1	7b53be2c	b97a698c	f7f07b0b	ee29c1b5	fd22df28	08e26f00	a3a59e94	ccb193ee	598b0709	1c0f6a2a	8b8505ca	c4349fcd	07320ebc	c5c8bcbe	0801bec2
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90	48f94f37	632d0516	9ad37f62	c6644992	b3230230	b5d2428c	b3bd5d30	93d2443c	c7154f32	626887a4	695c2f29	bcbc1c71	507afce3	01385656	bcdf0f86	fd6530aa
a0	a207ee07	8888e5fa	6bb3bfd8	817946ec	bc18a3ee	e459227a	d52d1ef7	251ee355	2ffb3faf	323aa5de	2b7adadd	60c21f3d	75b5d519	6854b58b	3b003c4c	c2e59a47
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d0	c6bf951c	6cfae730	900d3657	5a5e57aa	929c36a6	46934158	e633d4e9	4bf0c01a	102affd0	849f14c8	3e0d4718	6bbe76c5	823b4912	a31703de	fa9ed824	dd5fb43a
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Now, with this data, we are ready to encode data. Once this set of data has been generated, it can be used to encode and decode data.

Encode data

Encoding data is done in 64-byte blocks, the same as during the key generation. Now Joe wants to encode the text message "I love Sue.". First that text gets converted to its ASCII format (hex) to arrive at 0x49206c6f7665205375652e. This has to be broken into 64-byte blocks, so we have to encode 0x49206c6f76652053 and 0x75652e0000000000 separately.

enc(0x49206c6f76652053) = 0x69792f41cf50b1bc
enc(0x75652e0000000000) = 0xe5e162589cc68432

Thus, "I love Sue." encodes to 0x69792f41cf50b1bce5e162589cc68432

Decode data

Now Sue (quite different than Joe), is quite the smart cookie, and pretty well versed at social engineering, so knows that Joe often picks a password of 'password', so can generate the blowfish data necessary to encode/decode Joe's messages without any other input from him. Taking a peek on his computer (his user account there also has a password of 'password'), she finds the encoded text file with data of 0x754dc5f20737dafafffc0dd9181261a4. In order to decode this content, the process is exactly the same as encryption, except the P array is used in the reverse order.

dec(0x754dc5f20737dafa) = 0x49206c6f76652053
dec(0xfffc0dd9181261a4) = 0x75652e0000000000

Melding those two strings together, she is able to decode his message to "I love Sue.", and she propmtly goes and thumps him on the head for being so forward with his affections!